Accueil / marianistes / nos fondateurs / Guillaume-Joseph Chaminade / 3. Senteurs de révolution

3. Senteurs de révolution

Jean-Paul Federneder
Nein

La Révolution américaine était achevée en 1783. Elle avait éveillé des sentiments antimonarchistes et anticonformistes dans d'autres régions du monde.

Mussidan était loin des centres du pouvoir en France. Les événements politiques de Paris ou les problèmes économiques de grands ports comme Bordeaux ou Marseille ne faisaient guère de vagues dans la vie paisible de l’école. La Révolution américaine, qui s’était achevée en 1783, avait éveillé des sentiments antimonarchistes et anticonformistes dans d’autres régions du monde, la France y compris. Cette dernière avait soutenu les colons contre l’Angleterre; certes, l’endettement de la monarchie française était à peu près aussi grand que le coût de son implication dans la guerre.

En 1787, le roi Louis XVI réalisa que la royauté française après avoir été entre les mains de ses ancêtres pendant deux siècles, menaçait faillite si on ne trouvait pas de quoi renflouer les caisses. Il avait épuisé toutes les possibilités d’emprunts si bien que le seul recours restait la levée de nouveaux impôts. Il convoqua en assemblée générale les trois états qui représentaient le peuple du royaume: le haut-clergé, la noblesse et le tiers-état, celui-ci comprenant le bas-clergé et le reste du peuple. Une telle assemblée n’avait plus été réunie depuis 1614. Le décret de convocation parvint également à Mussidan. Guillaume et Louis Chaminade participèrent comme délégués aux premières assemblées, chargées d’élire des représentants aux États-généraux à Paris. Personne, et certainement pas les frères Chaminade, ne pouvait prévoir alors les conséquences de cette convocation, qui allait peser si lourd sur leur propre destin comme sur celui de la France et de l’Europe.

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